Biography
Rosalind Franklin was a brilliant scientist whose pioneering work laid the groundwork for our understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite. Born on July 25, 1920, in London, England, Rosalind Elsie Franklin grew up in a family that valued education and intellectual pursuits.
Franklin's academic journey was impressive from the start. She attended St Paul's Girls' School, an institution known for its strong emphasis on science education. In 1938, she entered Newnham College, Cambridge, where she studied chemistry. Despite facing gender-based discrimination in the male-dominated scientific community, Franklin excelled in her studies.
After completing her undergraduate degree, Franklin worked on coal structure at the British Coal Utilisation Research Association. In 1942, she earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Cambridge, and her research focused on the porosity of coal and its potential wartime applications.
During World War II,

1934 - The metal beverage can is invented (American Can Co., United States)

1940 - April - 1st electron microscope demonstrated (RCA), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

The microwave oven was invented accidentally in 1945 by Percy Spencer, a Raytheon engineer. While testing a magnetron, he noticed microwaves melted a candy bar in his pocket. Experimenting further, he discovered microwaves could cook food quickly. Raytheon patented the process, and by 1947, they built the first commercial microwave oven, called the 'Radarange.' Initially used in commercial settings, microwaves becomes affordable for home use by the 1960s and 1970s, revolutionizing cooking.
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