Cleveland, Ohio, USA
1916

Cleveland, a port of entry, the largest city of Ohio, and the county-seat of Cuyahoga co., is delightfully situated on the south shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, which flows through the city, affording a fine sheltered harbor, to which has been added a commodious ship- channel and an outer harbor of refuge, which is protected by a huge breakwater 2 miles in length and half a mile out from shore. Cleveland is connected by the Ohio Canal with the Ohio River at Portsmouth, and, in addition to its superior water-avenues, it is the centre of an important system of railroads (the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Erie, etc.) branching out in all directions. It is 150 miles by rail NW. of Pittsburg, Pa., and 183 miles SW. of Buffalo. X. Y. Lake steamers connect the city with Buffalo and Duluth and with all important lake ports. Lat. 41° 30' 6" N. ; Lon. 81° 42' 6" W. Two viaducts of stone and iron — one 3211 feet in length, completed in 1878 at a cost of $2,200,000, and having a draw 332 feet long ; and the other 3931 feet long, completed in 1888 at a cost of about $1,000,000 — extend across the gulf of Cuyahoga and are among the finest works of the kind in the country. The city, lying at an elevation of nearly 600 feet above the sea, is built in greater part upon a plain that rises 80-150 feet above the lake, and is divided by the Cuyahoga inlet into a smaller western section (West Cleveland) and the major (eastern) city. The broad and regular avenues, streets, and boulevards, with their massive business houses and villa-residences, surrounded by open lawns and gardens, and handsomely ornamented with shade-trees and shrubbery, give to it an imposing and most attractive aspect. It has not inaptly been termed the " Forest City." The chief avenues of business are Superior Street and the western section of Euclid Avenue. The former expands into the public square or Monumental Park, containing a soldiers' monument and statue of General Moses Cleaveland, the founder of the city. On the square is located the building of the post-office and custom-house, and near by is the massive city-hall. Euclid Avenue, the most fashionable residence-street of the city, is justly famous for its gardens and mansions, and ranks as one of the finest residence-streets in the country. The city has a number of fine parks (Wade, Gordon, Rockafeller) and the beautiful Lake view Cemetery, containing the Gar field Memorial (erected in 1890). Among the city's institutions of learning are the Western Reserve University (Adelbert College, Cleveland Medical College, College for Women, etc.), the Case School of Applied Sciences, St. Ignatius College, University School, Notre Dame Academy, etc. The city has a music hall, seating about 5000 people, and a public library containing 201). 000 volumes. It en joys a temperate climate, with a mean annual temperature of 50° and a rainfall of 37.6 inches. The manufacturing and commercial interests of Cleveland are most extensive and varied, the former being mainly associated with the iron-industry, the city being one of the foremost receiving points for the ore of that metal. The product in 1900 from the iron- and steel-works (about 150 in number) was valued at $24,275,000; from the foundries and machine-shops, at $15,500,000. The city is also very closely associated with the oil- (petroleum) industry of the United States, and is one of its chief lumber marts ; it is in addition one of the chief ship-building cities of the Union, the ship-yards constructing vessels (mainly steamers) of 1500-2500 tons burden. Among the manufactures may be enumerated those of sewing-machines, clothing, agricultural implements, boilers, engines, electric machines and appliances, etc. Slaughtering and meat-packing are also among the major industries of the city. The total value of the manufactured product of Cleveland was in 1900, $139,850,000. The city has a very extensive lake commerce.

Cleveland was named in honor of General Moses Cleave land, by whom it was laid out in 1796, and was incorporated as a village in 1814, and as a city in 1836. Its growth has been rapid, and during the decade 1880 to 1890 its percentage of increase was not equalled in any city east of Chicago. Its population in 1810 was but 57 ; in 1820, 150 ; in 1830, 1035 ; in 1840, 6671 ; in 1850, 17,034 ; in 1860, 43,417 ; in 1870, 92,820 ; in 1880, 160,146 : in 1890, 261,353: in 1900, 381,768.

Lippincotts New Gazetteer: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or Geographical Dictionary of the World, Containing the Most Recent and Authentic Information Respecting the Countries, Cities, Towns, Resorts, Islands, Rivers, Mountains, Seas, Lakes, Etc., in Every Portion of the Globe, Part 1 Angelo Heilprin Louis Heilprin - January 1, 1916 J.B. Lippincott - Publisher

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