Munich, Bavaria, Germany
1906

Munich, mu'nik (Ger. Munchen, mun'Ken ; L. Mona'- chium), the capital of Bavaria and of tbe district of Upper Bavaria, on the Isar, 35 miles SE. of Augsburg. Lat. of observatory, 48° 8' 45" N. ; Ion. 11° 36' 32" E. Elevation above the sea, 1700 feet. The city is finely situated in a plain, at a distance of about 25 miles from the Alps, the proximity to which renders the climate subject to sudden changes. The mean temperature for the year is 45° ; the mean for January, 28° ; and for July, 64°.

The centre and focus of the life of the city is the Max- Joseph-Platx, adorned with the monument of King Max Joseph and containing the royal palace (with the Konigs- bau, in the style of the Pitti Palaoe of Florence, the Alte Resident, and the Festsaalbau) and the national theatre. From this central square the Ma.\iinilian»trasse, 1 mile in length, containing the government buildings and the Bava rian national museum (with rich collections illustrating the progress of civilization and art), leads directly to the Isar, here crossed by the Maximiliansbrlicke (540 feet long), on the opposite side of which is the Maximilianeum, an institution designed for the higher instruction in studies pertaining to the civil service. The handsome Ludwig- strasse, 40 yards in width, leads from the Hofgarten to the Siegesthor (or Gate of Victory), dedicated to the Bavarian army and constructed in the style of the arch of Constan tino in Rome. On this Btately avenue are the Feldherrn- halle (Commander's Hall), the Odcon, war office, royal library (with upward of 800,000 volumes), Ludwigskirche, academy of art, and the university. The last, founded in 1472, was attended in 1902-04 by 4609 students.

Munich is rich in institutions of all kinds. Among the most famous of these are the Old Pinakothek (erected in 1826-36), the New Pinakothek (erected in 1846-53),— both containing vast collections of paintings: the Glyptothek, or museum of sculptures (1816-30) ; the Kunstgewerbehaua (industrial art building); ethnographical museum; acad emy of science, with extensive collections of natural history, physical apparatus, etc. ; botanical garden ; and the Poly technic Institute (with an attendance in 1901-02 of 2358). Among the ecclesiastical buildings the first place is occupied by the Frauenkirche, the cathedral of the Archbishopric of Munich and Freising, dating from 1468, and having a length of 320 feet. Other buildings and monuments of note in the city are the Old Rathaus, the New Rathaus, the Basilica, the Jsarthor, Propylaea (a magnificent gateway completed in 1862), and the Ruhmeshalle (or Hall of Fame), near which is the colossal statue of Bavaria by Schwanthaler, 62 feet in height. Munich has extensive military establishments, including hospitals, barracks, artillery workshops, a military academy, royal arsenal, and military museum. Among the industries of Munich brewing occupies the leading place, immense quantities of beer being exported to foreign countries. There are manufactures of leather, gloves, machinery, rubber goods, artificial flowers, furniture, paper, cars, carriages, etc. The optical and mathematical instruments of Munich are celebrated throughout the world, as are likewise the products of its photographic, lithographic, and book-printing establishments. Among the art-industries is also glass-painting. The history of Munich dates from 1158. Pop. in 1900, 499,932. The number of inhabitants has trebled since 1870.

Lippincott's New Gazetteer: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or Geographical Dictionary of the World, Containing the Most Recent and Authentic Information Respecting the Countries, Cities, Towns ... in Every Portion of the Globe Publisher J.B. Lippincott Company, 1906

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