History of Bretagne, France

"In the mid-9th century Nominoe and his successors won a series of victories over the Franks which secured an independent Duchy of Brittany. In the High Middle Ages the Duchy was sometimes allied to England and sometimes to France. The pro-English faction was victorious in 1364 in the Breton War of Succession, but the independent Breton army was eventually defeated by the French in 1488, leading to dynastic union with France following the marriage of Duchess Anne of Brittany to two kings of France in succession. In 1532 the Duchy was incorporated into France."

"Two significant revolts occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries: the Revolt of the papier timbré (1675) and the Pontcallec Conspiracy (1719). Both arose from attempts to resist centralization and assert Breton constitutional exceptions to tax. The Duchy was legally abolished during the French Revolution and divided into five Départements. The area became a centre of royalist and Catholic resistance to the Revolution during...

The Revolt of the papier timbré was an anti-fiscal revolt in the west of Ancien Régime France, during the reign of Louis XIV from April to September 1675. It was fiercest in Lower Brittany, where it took on an anti-lordly tone and became known as the revolt of the Bonnets rouges (after the blue or red caps worn by the insurgents according to region) or revolt of the Torrebens (a war cry and signature in one of the peasant codes). It was unleashed by an increase in taxes, including the papier timbré, needed to authenticate official documents.

The Pontcallec conspiracy was a rebellion that arose from an anti-tax movement in Brittany between 1718 and 1720. This was at the beginning of the Régence (Regency), when France was controlled by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans during the childhood of Louis XV. Led by a small faction of the nobility of Brittany, it maintained links with the ill-defined Cellamare conspiracy, to overthrow the Regent in favour of Philip V of Spain, who was the uncle of Louis XV. Poorly organised, it failed, and four of its leaders were beheaded in Nantes. The aims of the conspirators are disputed. In the 19th and early 20th century it was portrayed as a proto-revolutionary uprising or as a Breton independence movement. More recent commentators consider its aims to have been unclear.

WASHINGTON, May 19. - The Marine hospital bureau received report showing cholera in a violent form has appeared in the village of Bretagne, France.

Bretagne, (in English, Brittany, brit’ta-ne, and sometimes Little Britain), an old province in the N.W. of France, forming an extensive peninsula between the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean, now comprised in the departments of Finistère, Côtes-du-Nord, Morbihan, and Loire-Inférieure. It was divided into Haute-Bretagne, the capital of which was Rennes, and Basse-Bretagne, capital, Vannes. Its people are largely Celts, of the Cymric branch, and very generally speak the Armorican language, which resembles the Welsh. It long preserved its sovereigns, who bore, successively, the titles of kings, counts, and dukes. It was united to France by the marriage of Charles VIII. with Anne, daughter of the last duke, Francis II., in 1491.

is the strange labor transformation which takes place among the regions workers at Bretagne, France.

Brittany (Fr. Bretagne), an old province in the NW. of France, forming an extensive peninsula be tween the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean, now comprised in the departments of Finistere, Cotes-du-Nord, Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Loire-Inferieure. Its people are largely Celts, of the Cymric branch, and in the first three of the above-mentioned departments generally speak the Armerican (or Breton) language, which resembles the Welsh. The rough and harsh character of the country, the picturesque ruins, the curious ancient monuments (telling of Druidic times), the quaint old towns, and, above all, the appearance and speech of the rude but upright and fearless Breton peasantry, who cling to their traditions and superstitions, combine to render Brittany one of the most interesting regions in Europe. The Breton fishermen and sailors are noted for their bravery. Among the chief towns of the region are Brest, Rennes, Saint Main, and Vannes. Brittany was known to the ancient Romans...