History of Czechoslovakia

After the death of King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria became the new King of Bohemia and the country became a constituent state of the Habsburg Monarchy.

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After Emperor Matthias II and then King of Bohemia Ferdinand II (later Holy Roman Emperor) began oppressing the rights of Protestants in Bohemia, the resulting Bohemian Revolt led to outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in 1618.

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in 1620, 27 Bohemian estates leaders together with Jan Jesenius, rector of the Charles University of Prague were executed on the Prague's Old Town Square on 21 June 1621 and the rest were exiled from the country;
their lands were then given to Catholic loyalists (mostly of Bavarian and Saxon origin), this ended the pro-reformation movement in Bohemia and also ended the role of Prague as ruling city of the Holy Roman Empire.
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In the so-called "renewed constitution" of 1627, the German language was established as a second official language in the Czech lands.

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1700 - Kingdom of Bohemia is part of the Holy Roman Empire

At the end of the 18th century, the Czech National Revival movement, in cooperation with part of the Bohemian aristocracy, started a campaign for restoration of the kingdom's historic rights, whereby the Czech language was to regain its historical ro

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1800 - Population of the Kingdom of Bohemia (Holy Roman Empire) - 2,810,000

During the Revolution of 1848, many Czech nationalists called for autonomy for Bohemia from Habsburg Austria, but the revolutionaries were defeated.
The old Bohemian Diet, one of the last remnants of the independence, was dissolved, although the Czech language experienced a rebirth as romantic nationalism developed among the Czechs.
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In 1861, a new elected Bohemian Diet was established.
The renewal of the old Bohemian Crown (Kingdom of Bohemia, Margraviate of Moravia, and Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia) became the official political program of both Czech liberal politicians and the majority of Bohemian aristocracy...
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An attempt by the Czechs to create a tripartite monarchy (Austria-Hungary-Bohemia) failed in 1871.

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1895 - Bohemia
Bohemia, bo-hee'me-a (Ger. Böhmen, bā'men; Fr. Bohème, b0-aim'), a political and administrative province and nominal kingdom of Austria-Hungary, Cisleithanian division, between lat. 48° 33' and 51°3'N, and lon. 129 and 16°46' E.; bounded N. by Saxony and Prussian Silesia, E. by Prussia and Moravia, S. by Lower Austria, and W. by Bavaria. Length, from E. to W., 210 miles; breadth, from N. to S., 171 miles. Area, 20,060 square miles. The territory forms an extensive upland valley, with an inclination to the N.W. It is surrounded on all sides by mountains, and belongs almost exclusively to the basin of the Elbe, by which stream the country is drained through a single defile on the Saxon frontier...
Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or Geographical Dictionary of the World Containing Notices of Over One Hundred and Twenty-five Thousand Places ... Joseph Thomas January 1, 1895 J.B. Lippincott

1915 - October 29 - Thomas Masaryk claims independence for Czechoslovakia

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1918 - October 28 - Czechoslovakia gains independence as Austria-Hungary breaks up

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1920 - March 28 - Thomas Masaryk elected president of Czechoslovakia
After World War I and the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak state, Bohemia became a part of Czechoslovakia.
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1938 - September 21 - Winston Churchill condemns Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia
Following the Munich Agreement in 1938, the border regions of Bohemia historically inhabited predominantly by ethnic Germans (the Sudetenland) were annexed to Nazi Germany; this was the only time in Bohemian history that its territory was politically divided. (wikipedia)
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1944 - October 18 - Soviet troops invade Czechoslovakia during WW II

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1945 - May 9 - Czechoslovakia liberated from Nazi occupation (Natl Day)

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In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) was given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the Czech Socialist Republic.

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In 1990, the name was changed to the Czech Republic, which become a separate state in 1993 with the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

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Here's a list of things to do and places to go in the Czech Republic:
1. Prague:

Old Town Square: Marvel at the stunning architecture, including the Astronomical Clock.

Charles Bridge: Take a stroll across this historic bridge with breathtaking views.

Prague Castle: Explore the largest ancient castle in the world.

2. Český Krumlov:

Castle and Chateau: Wander through the UNESCO-listed castle complex.

Vltava River Rafting: Experience the city from a unique perspective by rafting on the Vltava River.

3. Karlovy Vary:

Hot Springs: Relax in the famous thermal springs.
Moser Glass Museum: Discover the art of glassmaking in this renowned spa town.

4. Kutná Hora:

Sedlec Ossuary: Visit the Bone Church with its unique decorations made of human bones.

St. Barbara's Church: Admire the Gothic architecture of this UNESCO-listed site.

5. České Budějovice:

Budweiser Brewery: Take a tour of the original Budweiser brewery.

6. Brno:

Špilberk Castle: Explore the castle and enjoy panoramic views of the city.

Brno Underground: ... Read MORE...

Czech Surnames
Names of Czech people consist of given name (křestní jméno) and surname (příjmení). Usage of the second or middle name is not common. Feminine names are usually derived from masculine ones by a suffix -ová (Nováková) or -á for names being originally adjectives (Veselá), sometimes with a little change of original name's ending (Sedláčková from Sedláček or Svobodová from Svoboda). Women usually change their family names when they get married. The family names are usually nouns (Svoboda, Král, Růžička, Dvořák, Beneš), adjectives (Novotný, Černý, Veselý) or past participles of verbs (Pospíšil). There are also a couple of names with more complicated origin which are actually complete sentences (Skočdopole, Hrejsemnou or Vítámvás). The most common Czech family name is Novák / Nováková.

In addition, many Czechs and some Slovaks have German surnames due to mixing between the ethnic groups over the past thousand years. Deriving women's names from German and other foreign names is often... Read MORE...